Gerund

Ø  ING – FORM

Verb atau kata kerja + ING mempunyai tiga ketentuan yang berbeda:

1.      Sebagai “ Present  Continues ”  berfungsi sebagai Verb / kata kerja yang sebenarnya. Kata kerja semacam ini disebut “ present participle”.

Contoh :

a)      Mr. harry  is reading a newspaper.

b)      Mr. and Mrs. Smith are going  to Malang now.

c)      I was having  dinner when the phone rang.

d)     We ware studying when Alida came in.

2.      Sebagai “ objek “ atau “ subjek “ suatu kalimat dan fungsi sebagai “ noun “ atau “ kata benda “. Kata benda yang terbentuk dari “  Verb + - ing “ ini disebut “ gerund “. Jadi Gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibedakan.

Contoh :

a)      Walking makes  me  fresh.

S          P       O

b)      She  likes dancing

S       P          O

c)      Smoking can cause heart-attack

S                 P          O

            “ Gerund “ mempunyai dua kegunaan :

                                 i.            Digunakan dibelakang kata kerja tertentu, misalnya setelah : stop, avoid, keep, mind, enjoy, finish, deny, permit, risk, admin, appreciate, imagine, etc.

Contoh :

-          I can’t stop loving you.

-          She always keeps smiling o everyone.

-          He enjoyed dancing with Ina last night.

                               ii.            Diletakkan di belakang “ prepositions “ atau kata depan tertentu, misalnya : in, with, without, by, on, before, after, for, of, from, etc.

Contoh :

-           I am interested in studying English.

-          She went out without asking my permission.

-          The thief broke my house by breaking the window.

keterangan : “prepositions + gerund” dapat pula digunakan untuk menghindari pemakaian subjek atau pokok kalimat yang sama secara berulang.

Contoh :

-          Before I go to sleep, I brush my teeth.

-          Before going to sleep, I brush my teeth.

3.      “  Verb + ing “ dapat pula digunakan sebagai “ adjective “ atau kata sifat ( kata keadaan ) untuk menerangkan kata benda di belakangnya.

Contoh :

-          Waiting room.                   -           Rocking chair.

-          Sleeping pils.                     -           Sewing machine.

-          Dining room.                     -           Swimming pool.

 VERB CATAGORIES [KELOMPOK KATA KERJA]

Berdasarkan kaitannya dengan kata yang lain, kita dapat mengelompokkan kata kerja sebagai berikut :

1.      VERBS + GERUND

Terdapat kata kerja tertentu yang selalu diikiuti “ gerund “ seperti stop, avoid, keep, mind, enjoy, finish, deny, permit, risk, admin, appreciate, imagine, like, dislike, consider, etc.

Contoh :

-          I like singing on the stage.

-          They considered taking the chance.

-          She finished doing the homework.

2.      VERBS + GERUND

  TO INF

Kelompok kata kerja berikut ini mempunyai dua cara pemakaian, yakni bias diikuti “gerund “ atau “ to infinitive “. Kata kerja tersebut adalah begin, start, love, hate, prepare, cease, intend, prefe, state, neglect, propose, etc.

            Contoh :

-          I hate waiting {to wait} too long.

-          We start studying {to study} at 07.00 a.m

-          He continued painting {to pain} the house.

3.       VERBS + TO INVINITIVE

Kelompok kerja ini dapat diikuti oleh “ to invinitive “. Kata kerja kerja tersebut adalah arrange, agree, hesitate, determine, manage, care, try, swear, sonsent, refuse, decide, learn, undertake, etc.

Contoh :

-          They manage to finish their work at last.

-          Rina refuses to stay here longer.

-          I decided to go to bali alone.

4.      VERBS + BARE INVINITIVE

Kelompok kata kerja ini khusu diikuti “hanya” oleh kata kerja asal saja [tanpa to, ing, s/es]. Kata kerja tersebut adalah make, let, see, hear, abserve, atch, notice, help, feel, smell, etc. tenses yang berbeda tidak mempengaruhi kelompok kerja ini.

Contoh :

-          You made my cry.

-          Let me take this case.

-          I was him cross the street.

Contoh soal Gerund

            Analyze the italic words below into : “ present participle, gerund, or adjective “ :

1.      Your brother is painting the fence                              {Answer : present participle}

2.      An old man holds a walking  stick                             { Answer : adjective}

3.      I have a large living room                                          { Answer : adjective}

4.      Running is a good hobby                                           { Answer : gerund}

5.      He goes to school after taking  a bath                        { Answer : gerund}

6.      You must use boiling  water to make a bowl of noodle         { Answer : adjective}

7.      My brother likes diving in the sea                               { Answer :  gerund }

8.      They were swimming in the river                                { Answer present participle }

9.      Before watching TV, she has dinner eth her family      { Answer : gerund }

10.  My father dislikes smoking                                         { Answer : gerund }